海南黎族文化的翻译研究

江 雯

   在国际旅游岛的建设和一带一路的指导思想下，外国游客纷纷涌入海南岛旅游观光，海南文化也越来越深受外国游客的喜爱。但因缺乏较为深入的调查研究，外国游客无法在导游简单的介绍下更深刻地理解黎族文化，对于小细节和相关的民俗不甚了解。因此，本文将对海南黎族具有代表性的文化习俗进行翻译研究。

一、物质文化代表

(一）黎族织锦

Li nationality has its own language, but no characters. The women use Li brocade to record their ancestors’ lives and important events of history. They call the complex patterns totem.

Broad width fabric, wuban fabric, yathou brocade and dragon illustration quilt are the representatives of Li brocade. They are world-famous because of the exquisite making technology. Dragon illustration quilt has been ordered by emperors as treasure tribute from Han dynasty to Qing dynasty.

黎族织锦是著名的历史物质遗产，在翻译时，应主要针对其历史由来和突出特征，给人留下珍贵无比的印象。而他们特殊的图案和名称，则采用音译法。

(二）黎族纹身

黎族人民的纹身艺术虽然正在逐渐淡去，但仍然有许多中外友人对纹身的美丽图案和其背后的故事有着浓厚的兴趣。前往海南黎村苗寨旅游的很多游客都会对纹身留下深刻地印象。

Tattoo, in the Li’s language "darten" or "mo ow", while in Hainanese "showmen" and "sumen", is one of the Li’s traditions. Tattoo is custom-made from ancient times since Li regards it as the symbol of nation. Totem Frog is the main pattern of the Li’s tattoo. The girls grew up to 11-15 years old should be brand the special tattoos that are left from the ancestors, without one exception. If they died without tattoos as violation or other special reasons, it’s inevitable to be brand with charcoal according to the special mark left by this nationality ancestors on the remains, then the dead body can be put into the coffin with this special pattern. Otherwise, there is no qualification of buried in the tomb of Li’s group.

（三）黎族船型屋

黎族船型屋不仅在游客眼中具有独特的韵味和欣赏价值，在很多学者眼中更是先祖智慧的结晶。作为国家级物质文化遗产，船型屋深受国际友人的喜爱。

Li’s boat house is one of the Li’s local-style dwelling buildings, which is popular in the Li’s residence in Hainan. In order to commemorate their ancestors, who crossed the sea to settle in Hainan, Li built their houses in the shape of boat and thus got its name “boat house”. “Boat house” is one of the most ancient dwellings, which can be divided into high-frame and low-frame (floor type). It’s framed with red and white vine, and then covered with thick banana leaves or palms from the rooftop to ground. Looking from a distance, the house is like a turned-over ship. The arch model is conducive to resist typhoon. The structure is well against moisture, miasma and rain.

“boat house”一词已经很直观地表现出了其形状特征，在介绍时，则侧重于其来源和功能，增加趣味性，也可让听者更清楚地了解其特点功能。

（四）黎族铜锣

在游客观光过程中黎族的铜锣是常见之物，作为黎族文化的典范，铜锣也作为纪念品常被游客购买。

Brass gong is Li’s precious property. It’s one of the Li’s five properties due to its multifunction. For Li nationality, gong can be exchange for farm cattle, hunting guns and fields in the old days, or as dowry when people get married. Gong is used for ceremonies. Li bang drums and gong for auspicious omen during harvest, removal and expelling for sickness. It is also widely use for memorial condolences, marriage celebrations, religious activities and festivals.

二、非物质文化代表

一个地方的旅游发展，离不开其非物质文化的传播。主要从以下3个方面来介绍黎族的非物质文化。

（一）黎族宗教信仰

Ghost-god worship is the main part in Li’s religious. The Li people believe birds and animals in the forest are governed by Mountain Ghost; harvest of crops is the gift of Ground Ghost; due to the fear and worship of fire, every family worships Tsao Wang. They worship animals and plants, i.e. frogs and cattle. They claim that the frog image on brass gong as the spirit of brass, and regard it as precious treasure. Frog images can be found on the women’s skirts and tattoos. In some areas, Li pick the March 8th in lunar calendar as the Battle Festival, while slaughtering cattle is prohibited on this day.

（二）嫁娶制度

不少游客来到黎族参观甚至亲身参与了黎族有趣的，有着浓厚民族特色的嫁娶过程。不过对于大部分人都只是简单的看个热闹，及时参与了也不甚了解，如果能加以适当的解说将会获得更好地效果：

The time between the autumn harvest and Spring Festival is Li nationality’s marriage prosperous period. Wedding is varied in different places but all ceremonious and fascinating. Wedding progresses are generally as follows:

Meeting the bride (the bridegroom and his family members go to the bride’s house to ask for marry); Escorting the couple (the bride’s family members pray for the happiness at the gate of the village when the bridegroom is coming ); Drinking Fuchiu (good fortune alcohol); Amusing the couple; antiphonal singing; Carrying water(the bridegroom’s family members teach the bride how to cook in the new place for family); Escorting the bride ( express the appreciation for bride’s family and sent them out); Having wedding dinner ( the bridegroom’s family invent them a dine to express the appreciation for relatives and friends’ assistance); Announcing the event ( the new couple go back to the bride’s home and tell her parents about her married life); Inviting the wife ( the bridegroom should reach the bride’s parents’ home to invent his wife back when she return her parental home at the first time after getting married); Planning the procedures and so on.

   （三）特殊食俗

   俗话说“一方水土养育一方人”，在黎族文化中，他们最具有代表性的食俗无外乎“老爸茶”和“嚼槟榔”，对于海南本地人而言无疑是至高无上的享受。

Papa Tea. The folk in Hainan call their common tea as “Papa Tea”. This tea is quite cheap, usually goes with some snacks. The old men prefer to drink it while cheating at leisure time. As the old men are called “Papa” in Hainanese, this tea is called “Papa tea”. But nowadays, it is also popular among the youths.

Chewing betel nuts: In Li village, men love smoking with bamboo pipe, women love to eat areca. Betel nuts are not only a daily life hobby of Li women, but also favorable objects and gifts among friends and relatives. You can find betel nuts in happy events such as feasts, festivals, engagement and wedding parties.. The women in Li family will prepare many betel nuts in those occasions, then the host or groom and bride will hold them in their both hands respectfully to the guests.

参考文献:

[1] 张德福.翻译研究的跨文化交际视角--以颜色词的翻译策略为例[J].疯狂英语（教师版）,2008,(02).

[2] 姜智慧. 从异化视角看民俗文化的传播--浙江省民俗文化翻译研究 [J]. 中国科技翻译,2010,(02).

[3] 游娟.从文化差异看英语习语的翻译［J].中国科技信息2007,(21).

[4] 陈刚.归化翻译与文化认同--《鹿鼎记》英译样本研究［J］.外语与外语教学2006,(12). (作者单位：海口经济学院）

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