预制语块对英语写作连贯性的帮助

邹 婷

在高中英语写作的教学中，我们时常发现很多高中生在英语写作中会遇到这样一个问题:连贯性不足。他们所写的文章起、承、转、合处理不当，层次不明，缺乏逻辑性、条理性。仅仅是堆砌语句，写了好几部分，却没把它们连接起来，就像散落一地的珍珠，缺少一条串成项链的线，没有线，再美的珍珠也无法散发最大光芒。如何能让所写文章更有层次，更连贯，更浑然一体？预制语块就是解决这一问题的一味良方。

何谓预制语块？所谓预制语块就是介于传统词汇和语法概念之间，由两个或两个以上单词组成的特殊语汇，它通常由多个词构成，并具有特定的话语功能。

进行英语写作时，若能够合理利用预制语块，表示句子之间的逻辑关系，联结段落和语篇，那么文章的连贯性将得到很大的改善。我们可以在文章中使用合适的预制语块。

如表示时间顺序的: meanwhile / eventually / afterward / since then;并列关系:and / or / as well as;转折关系:however / in spite of / on the other hand / otherwise;因果关系:so / therefore / as a result / because of / due to /;条件关系:as long as,on condition that,if,unless;对比关系:compared with / contrary to /on the other hand;递进关系:besides / what’s more /in addition / furthermore举  例:For example… / Take … for example ; for another thing… / such as总结归纳:in short/ in a word/ generally speaking;过渡性插入语: as we all know/ in my opinion/ as far as I’m concerned.

例如:书面表达:目前，许多学校对学生采取封闭式管理，学生对此看法不一。有的同学认为：学校限制学生的自由学生和社会接触少，学生的兴趣和爱好不能得到充分发展……有的同学认为：学校是学习知识的地方，学生应该安心在学校学习，学生缺乏自觉性……你的看法:……

如果没有预制语块，学生写出来的作文是这样的:

Nowadays a lot of schools keep their students in school all day long. Students have different opinions about it. Some of the students think they enjoy less freedom， and have little chance to get in touch with society. They are not able to fully develop their interests and hobbies， and they have less interest in their studies.

But some other think school is the best place to get knowledge. They should put their heart into their studies. And some students lack the ability to control themselves. They may lose control of themselves out of school and do something that will affect their studies.

It is necessary to keep students at school. And Schools should organize various activities at the same time and students can enjoy their school life.

教师加入预制语块修改润色之后，文章则有了一番新风貌:

Nowadays a lot of schools keep their students in school all day long. Students have different opinions about it. Some of the students think they enjoy less freedom， and have little chance to get in touch with society as well. As a result， they are not able to fully develop their interests and hobbies. What’s worse， they will lose interest in their studies at last.

However， some others think school is the best place to get knowledge so they should put their heart into their studies. On the other hand， some students lack the ability to control themselves. In addition， out of school， not only may they lose control of themselves but also they may do something that will affect their studies.

As far as I am concerned， it is necessary to keep students at school. But at the same time schools should organize various activities so that students can enjoy their school life.

很明显，后者在使用预制语块之后，大大增加了文章的连贯性，使文章起承转合相当明显，逻辑性更强，水平更高。

因此，教师在日常教学过程中，特别是在进行与英语写作有关的课堂教学时，应该有意识、有目的地着重指导学生对预制语块的学习和使用，从而提高英语表达能力，写出更为连贯的英语作文。（作者单位：福州高级中学）