中文摘要：此文主要针对英语学习者如何利用自己所学的语言自如地表达进行探讨，总结了一些简单而易掌握的句套子，通过掌握这些句套子，迅速提高英语表达能力。

关键字：句套子；模仿演化；捷径；扩充。

 

1 有关IT的句套子

1.1 It is+被强调部分+That/who.…例如，It was in the street and I met her father.

It was they that/who cleaned the classroom yesterday.

1.2 It is not until+被强调部分+that…例如，

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized  she was a film star.

1.3 It is important.(Necessary,right,strange,natural,ect)+that…(该句型和上一个属同一句型，由于注释中的形容词不同that后的从句虚拟语气:should+动词原型，should可以省略)。例如，It is important that we(should) learn English well.

It is strange that he(should)have left with the light still on.

1.4 It is said(reported,learned,believed,ect.)+that…例如,

It is said that he has ome to America.

It is reported that another    earth satellite has been put into orbit.

1.5 It is suggested(ordered,advised,etc.)+that…(该句型和上一个属同一句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时that后的从句要用虚拟语气:should+动词原形，should可以省略)。例如，

It’ssuggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

It was ordered that's we (should) arrive there in ten minutes.

1.6 It’s a pity (shame) +that. （该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气:should+动词原形，should可以省略。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义，则不用虚拟语气。）例如，

It is pity that such a thing (should)happen to him.

It is a pity that he is ill.

1.7 It's+形容词+(for sb.) +to do sth.(It作形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式短语)，例如，It's easy to learn English well if you put your heart into it.

1.8 It is the first (second, third, etc.) time that…（that后面的句子用完成时态）例如，

It is the first time the I nhave been Japen.

1.9 It happens (seems, looks, appears, etc.) +that… （It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句）例如，

It seems that he will be back in a few days.

1.10 It is no good/no use/a waste of time dong sth. (It 作形式主语，动名词短语为真正的主语) 例如，

It is a wast of time doing things like this.

1.11 It is +形容词+ of sb. +to do sth. （形容词必须能表示逻辑主语sb.特征，可改写为：sb. Is +形容词+ to do sth.）例如，

It is useless taking about it now.

1.12 It 用来表示天气，自然环境，时间或距离，例如，

It is getting warmer and warmer.

It will be spring soon.

2. 有关的句式

2.1 There be +主语+（状语），例如，

There will be a meeting sometime next week.

2.2 There be +no +动名词（短语）。= It is impossible to do sth. 例如，

There is no knowing what be will do next.

2.3 There be +主语+定语从句. 例如，

There is nothing (that) worries me so much.

2.4 There +动词短语+主语+（状语）. 例如，

There used to be a cimema across the street.

2.5 There +不及物动词+主语+（状语）. 例如，

Then there came a knock at the door.

2.6 There be 的疑问句式。例如，

What is there under the tree.

3.表示比较的常见句式

3.1 as… as 与 not so/as… as （这是英语中最常用的表示等比关系的比较句式，前一个as是副词，说明所比内容的程度，有“如此”的含义；后一个as是连词，含有“如同”的意义。）例如，

The weather is not as good today as it was yesterday.

在表示同级比较时，除了as…as之外，还有些形容词或形容词短语可以达到同样的目的。例如，

This building is different from that one.

3.2 …比较及+ than… 例如，

The climate of Shenzhen is hotter than that of Beijing.

3.3 …no more/less … than… “不比……多”或“不少于”。例如，

She is no less diligent than her elder sister.

3.4 …not more … than… “没到……的程度”、“不像…那样”。例如，

I am not more crazy than you are.

3.5 属于拉丁与的比较形容词+ to +比较对象（常见的形容词有superior:优于、senior:年长于、junior:年幼于、prior:先于、inferior:低于。这些词多用于书面语。例如，

She is two years senior to me.

3.6 表示选择的比较句式。常见的有：

3.6.1 Better +主语…被比对象

3.6.2 主语+ would rather do …+ than + do…

3.6.3 主语+谓语+ rather than + do

3.6.4 主语 + prefer (doing) sth. + to (doing) sth.

3.6.5 主语 +prefer to do +rather than to do

3.7 The more…, the more… 越……就越……。例如，

The sooner, the better.

如果英语学习已经进入了中高级阶段，更应该注重利用英语表达自己的意愿，发表议论，这个时候基本句式的熟练掌握就显得极为重要。此阶段的学习者应该在学习的同时及时总结类似“句套子”这样的英语语言中常用和固定的内容，并在实践中应用，举一反三，就可以达到迅速提高英语表达能力的目的。

参考文献

1. 英语沙龙初级板  2004 1-6合订本 世界知识出版社

2. 董亚芬  大学英语精读 上海外语教育出版社 2006,6

3. 全新张道真英语用法 商务印书馆  2003,3

简介：宋志远（1973-）， 男，天津人，现为天津农学院讲师